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Under the condition of information society, we should cultivate students'!ability of infor-mation literacy and innovation. Based on the early investigation of medical students'!information ability and scientific research quality, we carried on a staged and systematic subject-oriented information literacy training for post-graduate students in specialty of anesthesiology through such measures as enriching infor-mation resources, strengthening students'!awareness of information, the implementation of the supervisor group system or double tutor system, and other measures, which strengthened the graduate students' ! independent study ability and scientific research quality. The related practice can provide reference for the development of information literacy education in colleges and universities.
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Objective To investigate the effect of cannabinoid receptor 1 ( CBR1 ) on spatial learning and memory function of neuropathic pain ( NP ) model rats and the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1(NR1) subunit in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).Methods Thirty-six healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 9 rats in each group: the sham operated group (SO group), the neuropathic pain model group (NP group), the NP model group with an mPFC injection of saline ( NS group ) , and the NP model group with an mPFC injection of the CBR 1 antagonist AM251 ( AM251 group).The NP model was prepared using the operation of chronic constriction injury ( CCI) of the right sciatic nerve.The mechanical withdrawal threshold ( MWT ) and the thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of the rats in each group were detected at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the operation.At 29 days after the operation , 18 rats of NP model were randomly selected and given an mPFC injection of saline or AM251 using a three-dimensional brain puncture.At days 30-37 after operation , the eight-arm maze test was performed to detect the spatial learning and memory function of the rats , and the rats were sacrificed immediately after this test.The expression levels of CBR1, NR1 and phosphorylated-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1 ( p-NR1 ) ( Ser896 ) in the mPFC brain region were detected by Western blotting , RT-PCR and immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the SO group , the pain thresholds and the spatial learning and memory function of the rats in the NP group were significantly lower ( both P <0.05 ).Compared with the NS group , the rats in the AM251 group showed improvement about spatial learning and memory function ( P<0.05).Compared with the SO group ( the mRNA and protein level of CBR 1:0.23 ± 0.06,0.42 ±0.03), the mRNA(0.43 ±0.12) and protein (0.53 ±0.05) level of CBR1 in NP group increased (both P<0.05).Compared with the NS group (the mRNA and protein level of CBR1:0.42 ± 0.11,0.52 ±0.10), the mRNA (0.53 ±0.05) and protein (0.98 ±0.17) level of CBR1 in AM251 group increased (both P<0.05).Compared with the SO group (the mRNA and protein level of NR1 and the protein level of p-NR1:1.50 ±0.15,0.65 ±0.05,0.79 ±0.15), the mRNA (0.94 ±0.07) and protein (0.24 ±0.05) level of NR1 in NP group decreased (both P<0.05), the protein level of p-NR1 (0.33 ± 0.04) decreased (P<0.05).Compared with the NS group (the mRNA and protein level of NR1 and the protein level of p-NR1:1.09 ±0.14,0.26 ±0.06,0.31 ±0.08), the mRNA(1.58 ±0.10) and protein (1.42 ±0.10) level of NR1 in AM251 group increased (both P<0.05), the protein (0.95 ±0.15) level of p-NR1 increased ( P<0.05).Conclusion CBR1 can decrease the expression level of NR 1 and p-NR1 in the mPFC brain region of NP model rats and induce the spatial learning and memory impairment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of najanalgesin on glutamate-glial transporter 1(GLT-1) in spinal cord of rats after L5 spinal nerve ligation and transection (SNL), and explore the spinal analgesic mechanism of najanalgesin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>One hundred male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham(A), SNL(B), SNL + najanalgesin(C), SNL + saline (D), SNL + najanalgesin + liposome (E), SNL + najanalgesin + liposome + GLT-1 As-ODNs(F) and treated with intrathecal injections of 10 p.L saline (A and D), 40 ng X kg(-1) najanalgesin (C, E and F), qd, respectively. Besides intrathecal administration of najanalgesin the rats were intrathecally injected with 10 microL of GLT-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (As-ODNs) (F) and 10 micdroL of liposome(E) once daily on day 3. The L4-L6 segments of the spinal cord were isolated in 1, 4 and 7 d(A,B,C and D), 7 d(E and F) after surgery. The mRNA and protein of GLT-1 were determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The SNL model has successfully been set up. Compared to sham group, the expression of GLT-1 mRNA and protein level in group B and D both increased firstly and decreased later, the expression of GLT-1 in group C was significantly increased and kept stable, which were also higher when compared to group D in day 7th. Compared to SNL + najanalgesin group, after intrathecal injection of GLT-1 As-ODNs the GLT-1, expression of GLT-1 in F group significantly decreased. While intrathecal administration of liposome had no significant effect on the spinal GLT-1 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Najanalgesin could increase the mRNA and protein expression of GLT-1 in spinal cord, which may be one of its spinal mechanisms of analgesia.</p>